tmap basics: modes

Modes

tmap facilitates two output modes:

"plot", which produces static maps, and
"view" which produces (using the same tmap code) interactive maps (using the JavaScript library Leaflet as backend).

Via the extension package, tmap.mapgl, two interactive new modes are available, "mapbox" and "maplibre", as demonstrated below.

The default mode is "plot":

## current mode
tmap_mode()
#> ℹ tmap modes "plot" - "view"
#> ℹ toggle with `tmap::ttm()`

Switching between modes

## to view mode
tmap_mode("view")
#> ℹ tmap modes "plot" - "view"

## back to plot mode
tmap_mode("plot")
#> ℹ tmap modes "plot" - "view"

The handy function ttm() is used to toggle between the modes:

## to view mode
ttm()
#> ℹ tmap modes "plot" - "view"

## back to plot mode
ttm()
#> ℹ tmap modes "plot" - "view"

When more than two modes are loaded, rtm() can be used to rotate between modes (see [below(https://r-tmap.github.io/tmap/articles/basics_modes#modes-mapbox-and-maplibre-)]).

Mode `"plot"`

We start with creating the plot and assign it to a variable called tm.

tm = tm_shape(World, crs = 8857) +
  tm_polygons(
    fill = "press",
    fill.scale = tm_scale_intervals(values = "pu_gn")) +
tm_shape(metro) +
  tm_bubbles(
    size = "pop2020",
    fill = "gold",
    size.scale = tm_scale_continuous(values.scale = 0.8, n = 8))

We are in "plot" mode. Now we can plot the map by printing the tm object:

tm

Mode `"view"`

The same map in view mode:

ttm()
#> ℹ tmap modes "plot" - "view"
tm

Note that there is a big difference: in "view" mode there are basemaps, and in "plot" mode none. This is caused by different default options.

Basemaps can be enabled or disabled via tm_basemap():

tm + tm_basemap(NULL)
#> [view mode] WebGL does not work (yet) with projected map projections, so it has
#> been disabled.
#> This message is displayed once per session.

See vignette about basemaps.

Mode specific options

Mode specific layout options can be set via tm_plot() and tm_view(). The number of options in tm_plot() is limited to just two, because it uses all general purpose options. In contrast, tm_view() contains more options, e.g. the position of the control box and the default zoom level:

tm +
    tm_view(control.position = c("left", "bottom"),
            set_view = 2)

For a more detailed description of the available options, see the vignette about options.

New modes

The new package tmap.mapgl offers two new modes, "mapbox" and "maplibre":

library(tmap.mapgl)

Rotate bewteen modes

When more than two modes are loaded (now four), rtm() can be used to rotate between modes:

rtm()
#> ℹ tmap modes "plot" -> "view" -> "mapbox" -> "maplibre"
#> ℹ rotate with `tmap::rtm()`switch to "view" with `tmap::ttm()`
rtm()
#> ℹ tmap modes "plot" -> "view" ->
#> "mapbox" -> "maplibre"

This (and ttm()) is especially useful in interactive sessinos. For scripts, it is recommend to use tmap_mode() explicitly.

Modes `"mapbox"` and `"maplibre"`.

For the mode "mapbox" an API key is required, which is free for personal use. The mode maplibre is a fork of mapbox before it sent from open to closed source. No API key is required for maplibre.

These modes are not as feature rich (yet) as the "view" mode, but they do offer a lot of new features: globe view and 3d polygons. This is possible because of the support of WebGL, a fast rendering technique. Therefore, these modes, and especially maplibre for its open open source, are considered the way forward in web mapping.

tmap_mode("maplibre")
#> ℹ tmap modes "plot" -> "view" ->
#> "mapbox" -> "maplibre"
tm